The clinical indications of Bupleuri Radix-related syndromes encompass fullness and discomfort in the chest and hypochondrium, a bitter mouth taste, dry throat, dizziness, insomnia, anxiety, depression, susceptibility to fright, upset, dreamfulness, and other psychiatric symptoms. These conditions are commonly associated with a red tongue, a thick and yellow tongue coating, and a wiry, hard, and powerful pulse. It was established that this formula was employed in combination with other formulas, for example, Gualou Xiebai Decoction, Wendan Decoction, Zhizhu Pills, Juzhijiang Decoction, Suanzaoren Decoction, and Banxia Baizhu Tianma Decoction.

A heavy and frequent occurrence of the cardiovascular disease arrhythmia negatively impacts China's public health sector. Pharmacological and surgical approaches are employed to treat the estimated 20 million individuals in China afflicted by this malady. However, antiarrhythmic drugs are capable of inducing arrhythmias, and surgical interventions have associated risks of failure and the possibility of recurrence. Accordingly, the clinical results achieved in treating arrhythmia require further refinement. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) views arrhythmia, characterized by palpitation, as resulting from seven interconnected factors: liver qi depression and stagnation, the accumulation of turbid phlegm, an attack on the heart by excessive fluids, fire-heat disturbance within the heart, obstruction of heart vessels, cold congealing within the heart vessels, and a deficiency in Qi, blood, Yin, and Yang. This research, therefore, articulated seven TCM arrhythmia syndromes, specifically focusing on palpitations related to depression, phlegm, fluid retention, heat, blood stasis, cold, and deficiency. The recommended treatment strategies for palpitation are: Chaihu Longgu Muli Decoction for palpitation associated with depression, Wendan Decoction for palpitation related to phlegm, Linggui Zhugan Decoction for palpitation caused by fluid retention, Sanhuang Xiexin Decoction for palpitation due to fire, Xuefu Zhuyu Decoction for palpitation due to blood stasis, and Mahuang Fuzi Xixin Decoction for palpitation due to cold. Further, Guizhi Gancao Decoction, Guizhi Gancao Longgu Muli Decoction, Huanglian Ejiao Decoction, Zhigancao Decoction, and Guipi Decoction are suggested for palpitation stemming from Qi, blood, Yin, or Yang deficiency. In the case of a patient showcasing multiple TCM syndromes concurrently, the relevant formulas should be amalgamated. This study, leveraging the correspondence between formula and syndrome, and employing a treatment approach encompassing both the pathogenesis and pathology, and herbal properties and pharmacology, developed a holistic 'pathogenesis-pathology-nature-pharmacology' model to optimize the clinical benefits of classic herbal formulas in treating arrhythmias.

Maxing Shigan Decoction, when paired with Xiao Chaihu Decoction, constitutes a venerable, time-tested herbal formula. Every one of these expressions finds its source in Zhang Zhong-jing's Treatise on Cold Damage (Shang Han Lun). This blend acts to harmonize lesser yang, relieve exterior syndrome, clear lung heat, and reduce panting. Diseases of the triple-Yang combination that include the accumulation of pathogenic heat in the lungs are mainly addressed through this. Employing both Xiao Chaihu Decoction and Maxing Shigan Decoction constitutes a long-standing and effective approach for managing exogenous diseases connected to the triple-Yang. For exogenous diseases, particularly in the northern regions of China, these are commonly utilized. KPT-185 supplier This combination of treatments is the foremost strategy for managing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) cases that include fever and cough. For the syndrome of phlegm-heat obstructing the lung, the classical herbal formula Maxing Shigan Decoction provides a well-established treatment approach. Antibody-mediated immunity Pathogenic heat within the lungs is a possible explanation for shortness of breath that develops after sweating. Symptoms such as cough and asthma, coupled with forehead perspiration, might be observed in patients with mild symptoms; those with severe conditions might experience full-body perspiration, predominantly on the anterior chest. Modern medical science hypothesizes that the preceding state of affairs is correlated with a pulmonary infection. The characteristic 'mild fever' denotes a pattern of signs, not the mechanisms or causes behind them. Heat syndrome, though potentially subtle, suggests a deeper issue of substantial thermal trauma and inflammation. The indications of concurrently administering Xiao Chaihu Decoction and Maxing Shigan Decoction are as follows: In the realm of respiratory diseases, this treatment option is applicable for viral pneumonia, bronchopneumonia, lobar pneumonia, mycoplasma pneumonia, COVID-19, measles complicated by pneumonia, SARS, avian influenza, H1N1 influenza, exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, pertussis, and other influenza and pneumonia-related infections. Individuals suffering from bitter mouth, dry throat, dizziness, lack of appetite, irritability, nausea, and fullness or discomfort in the chest and hypochondrium may find relief through the use of this. Medical honey This treatment effectively tackles alternating episodes of chill and fever, diverse degrees of febrile conditions, as well as chest congestion, cough, bronchial spasms, phlegm expulsion, dry mouth, a craving for cool liquids, restlessness, profuse perspiration, yellow urine, hard, dry stools, a red tongue, yellow or white coating, and a powerful, floating pulse, notably in the right radial artery.

Within the annals of Han dynasty medicine, the Treatise on Febrile Diseases, by the accomplished physician Zhang Zhong-jing, provides the record of Zhenwu Decoction. A primary application of Zhenwu Decoction is the treatment of edema due to yang deficiency, achieved through its warming effect on yang, its transformation of Qi, and its promotion of urination. The pathophysiological mechanisms behind severe and critical cases, alongside the studies of them, showcase that Zhenwu Decoction in Treatise on Febrile Diseases describes the clinical symptoms and treatment protocol for acute heart failure. This formula's ability to address a syndrome could hinge on the accuracy of diagnoses and the efficacy of the subsequent treatment. Because of the challenge in differentiating between cardiogenic and pulmonary dyspnea, high doses of Ephedrae Herba may be mistakenly used to induce sweating. This practice could acutely worsen heart failure, electrolyte disturbances, and pulmonary complications. Ancient physicians' lack of expertise in handling acute heart failure is clear from studying the syndromes addressed by Zhenwu Decoction. Trembling and shivering, a possible clinical symptom of heart failure, an upgrade from trembling and shaking, may be addressed using Linggui Zhugan Decoction. Zhenwu Decoction's therapeutic range includes the treatment of acute or chronic heart failure, cardiorenal syndrome, and situations where diuretic therapy meets resistance. This particular decoction is exceptionally beneficial for individuals experiencing whole heart failure, acute heart failure, heart failure with a decreased ejection fraction, and heart failure displaying the symptoms of cold and dampness. Correspondingly, it's an effective remedy for both type and type cardiorenal syndrome. The symptoms treatable with Zhenwu Decoction include tightness in the chest, rapid heartbeats, lower limb swelling, difficulties with urination (increased or decreased), a fear of cold, a tongue that appears pale with tooth marks, a white and slippery tongue coating, and a pulse that may be slow or deep in character. The pharmacological action of Zhenwu Decoction in treating heart failure is grounded in the principles of promoting urination, expanding blood vessels, and invigorating the heart, according to modern medical knowledge. Aconiti Lateralis Radix Praparata, the most vital herb in the formula, is recommended to be administered in a dosage of 30 to 60 grams. Despite its potential benefits, excessive amounts of Aconiti Lateralis Radix Praparata may induce arrhythmia, necessitating careful consideration before usage. For the recovery period, beyond the initial treatments, remedies like Zhenwu Decoction, Shenqi Pills, Renshen Decoction, Wuling Powder, and Fangji Huangqi Decoction, each with its role in strengthening the spleen, replenishing Qi, warming Yang, and promoting urination, are frequently employed. Yang reinforcement therapy remained as the last resort for severe cases, complicated by a lack of specific medical conditions and an ambiguous clinical history, requiring impartial assessment.

The Han dynasty text, Essentials from the Golden Cabinet (Jin Kui Yao Lue), by Zhang Zhong-jing, initially documented Huangtu Decoction, a remedy for distal bleeding. This treatment is mainly focused on the blood sugar control dysfunction resulting from spleen-yang deficiency. The broader implications of distal bleeding encompass a wider range of conditions, including not only traditional upper gastrointestinal bleeding, such as peptic ulcer disease, gastrointestinal neoplasms, gastric mucosal abnormalities, vascular malformations, esophageal and gastric variceal hemorrhage, and pancreatic and biliary tract damage, but also a spectrum of anorectal ailments like colonic and rectal cancers, tumors, hemorrhoids, anal fissures, along with bleeding from other sites, including nosebleeds, low platelet counts, dysfunctional uterine bleeding, threatened miscarriage, and unexplained blood in the urine. Distal bleeding is often characterized by syndromes involving the body's inability to maintain adequate interior fluids and heat, including nocturia, enuresis, rhinorrhea, sweating, cold tears, and leucorrhea, as well as excessive gastrointestinal bleeding due to anti-platelet/anticoagulant use, unexplained positive fecal occult blood test findings, and other recently identified medical challenges. Huangtu Decoction's indications encompass not just traditional Chinese medicine conditions like lower blood, defecation before blood, distant blood, hematemesis, epistaxis, and other ailments, but also encompass three clinical presentations: bleeding, deficiency syndrome, and stagnant heat syndrome.